Early Prisons, Law, and Punishments - 664 Words

Different forms of punishments have been used to handle criminals. Like the rubbing and burning of a persons neck as they strain to get out of the rope that’s strangling their neck. Or the poisonous fumes stream through your nostrils as you die slowly. This is when punishments started and which punishments were useful and which ones failed in the societies of these old times and how law and rules were made up and how judges began to deal with criminals. The beginning of prisons and punishments began with the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi is the first legal record found in Middle East (Punishment and Corrections American History). However, the Western nations seem to follow the laws started by ancient Rome. In 1532, the Holy Roman Empire created the cousiti criminals Carolina (Punishment and Corrections American History). Most people believe that the earliest form of law can be found in twelve centuries, which is known as the Justinian Code (Punishment and Corrections American History). In America the crank mill failed to take hold but was pretty successful in England. It was a large long rotating cylinder with steps attached along the outside. This turned prisoners into productive citizens by making them work and provide food for themselves. This was for work so instead of killing or torturing the criminal they would just give them work to do like community service. But this punishment had the tendency to mutilate the human body (Get a Real Degree Punishment and CorrectionsShow MoreRelatedThe Justification For Imprisonment781 Words   |  4 PagesPunishment is something we all experience from a very young age--punishment of children in the home, of students in schools, and punishment under law. Punishment is the authorized imposition of deprivations such as freedom or privacy or other goods to which the person otherwise has a right, or the imposition of special burdens because the person has been found guilty of some criminal violation typically involving harm to other innocents. As contributing members of society, we are all required toRead MoreEarly Correctional History : The Rise Of The Modern Penitentiary System1409 Words   |  6 PagesEarly correctional history is normally put in a large category from 2000 B.C. to 1800 A.D. (Allen, 2010). This period obviously covers a lot of ground both in time and technological advances along with cultural standards. This period ranges from ancient Babylonia and Samaria, Rome, Medieval Europe, Renaissance Europe, to the rise of the modern penitentiary system in America. Throughout this time, there were many different practices and philosophies, but one or two underlying factors might be notedRead MoreDeath Penalty Is Cruel And Unusual Punishment1706 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted in California when it was under the Practices Act in 1851. Then in February 14th 1872 it was put in the Penal Code. Capital punish in counties continued until an amendment by the legislature in 1891 said that it could only h appen in the State Prisons picked by the court. The first state execution in California happens on March 3rd 1893 at San Quentin and the first one in Folsom was on December 13th 1895. In the 1937’s the legislature decided that instead of hanging people they were going to useRead MoreHistory And History Of Corrections1069 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped systems of punishment for behavior or resistance throughout Mongolia. Because of the development of agriculture cities started to become more populated and cultures and fears of people taking advantage or causing harm to others became more and more widespread. This led to more formal systems of punishment and corrections for crimes developed. These rules based on cultures, and also the early Babylonian laws of Hammurabi and the Hammurabi code. In Ancient China, law enforcement was carriedRead MoreCorrections Trends Evaluation Paper1552 Words   |  7 Pagescorrections exist in more than one form. Not only do corrections refer to jails and prison systems but they also pertain to community-based programs, such as probation, parole, halfway houses, and treatment facilities. Past, present, and future trends in regard to the development and operation of institutional and community-based corrections vary between states but corrections have grown immensely since the early 1800s and have continued to expand over time. Corrections are adamant to continue toRead MoreThe Death Of The Prison System1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe prison system has seen huge changes from the American Colonel days to now. At first punishment was a way to inflict pain in suffering onto prisoners. By doing this it set an example to detour crime. Punishment throughout time has changed with the building of prison systems and labor being implemented. Today p unishment is carried out much different than in the past. Punishment is way to keep order and discipline throughout society. Punishments focus more now on rehabilitation then it does toRead MoreThe Weight Of Social Awareness1025 Words   |  5 Pagesbeyond the deprivation of their freedom and not much effort is put into treating these individuals and preparing them to get back into their community. Punishment is viewed as a way of discouraging other members of the community from committing crimes and reducing recidivism. Society often refers to prisoners as separate from their communities. Prisons serve as a physical remainder of this distinction and to reinforce it wired fences have been added to their design further isolating these individualsRead MoreFoucaults Discipline and Punish Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesCrime is inevitable in society, whether it be in traditional societies or in modern society. However, with an action, there are always has to be a consequence, however when breaking the law, the consequences are rather bad, and sometimes harsh. This is called punishment. Discipline is enforcing acceptable patterns of behaviour and teaching obedience. In an excerpt called Discipline and Punish, contemporary theorist Michael Foucault explains these two concepts. This paper will summarize the author’sRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1226 Words   |  5 Pagespunish a crime, to prevent it from repeating, and to deter further crimes. The United States’ use of the death penalty can be traced back as early as 1608, when early European settlers executed Captain George Kendall for being a spy from Spain (â€Å"Part I: History of the Death Penalty†, n.d.). As time progressed the amount of money to sustain such a punishment slowly became a burden to States. As 32 States currently have the death penalty, taxpayers and politicians are becoming aware of the finicalRead MorePunishment Within Criminal Justice, Looking At Diffe rent Methods Of Punishment Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesIn this critical review, I will start by identifying the area of punishment within criminal justice, looking at different methods of punishment from a historical view and contemporary view. I will be looking at the changes of punishment in society and will be evaluating how these changes relate to contemporary practices. When assessing these changes, social and historical aspects that are relevant will be considered when researching and analysing information. I will look at sources such as book chapters

The Flames By Lawrence And Nancy Goldstone - 1381 Words

Fire burns everything; it brings nothing but destruction and ruin. Miguel Servetus and his ideas were meant to burn at the stake, but they are still around today, Out of the Flames by Lawrence and Nancy Goldstone explains the importance of his ideas and the history around it. Although this book provides a lot of important information, a lot of it is unnecessary. The authors jump around a lot trying to present their argument and their research. This book is a book about a book that discusses the importance of books. Books are threatening because they pass of ideas where everyone believes they have freedom of speech. But for Servetus, it was considered Heresy. He went against the Catholic Church and disproved the Holy Trinity by arguing that the Trinity was never mentioned in the Bible. Servetus believed that the teachings of the Trinity were actually false teachings by Greek philosophers. Enraged by these ideas, Servetus wrote 3 books about how the Trinity does not exist. These three books got Servetus into a lot of trouble; his books were banned, making readers want them even more. The Catholic Church was not happy that Servetus was not only challenging the natural order of things but also challenging and threatening society and natural God. The Goldstones talk about go on tangents while talking about Servetus and his life and his constant escapes and disguises so that he could avoid being put to death. Evidently, as mentioned earlier, Servetus could not escape fate and

E-Mail Usage Policy of an Organization-Myassignmentshelp.Com

Question: Analyse Information Security Vulnerabilities and Threats and determine appropriate Controls that can be applied to mitigate the Potential risks. Answer: Introduction The recommendations and commands given to worker regarding the utility of Internet opportunities like the Web e-mail and chat conferences. It demanded all prohibitions such as enter to pornographic sites, running illegitimate activities and sexual harassment. It sanctions who may imparted with associates of the press, rivals and other companies. Employees may be needed to inscribe such a policy declaration as a promise to honor its moralities or otherwise be banished. Through email policies the employees gets a clear notion that emails should be used for suitable business purposes only. Employees often examine e-mail as informal and may involve comments that could later spook the company (Zickuhr and Madden 2012). For a business, a security policy is a document that expresses through writing what the companys plans are to safeguard its physical and information technology assets. A security policy is frequently believed to be living document, which means that the document is never consumed rather it is constantly revised as per the changes in technology and employees. A companys security policy is actually the plan where it clearly stated how to protect the companys assets (Bayuk et al. 2012). This report deals with the chosen topic E-mail usage policy and a research report is being done based on this topic. Literature review The purpose behind implying this email usage policy in workplaces are to guarantee the actual utilization of email structure and make users enlightened of what is considered as satisfactory and unsatisfactory utilization of its email structure (Schmidt and Cohen 2013). This policy shapes the basic essentials for utility of email within the network. However, technological solutions are not trustworthy (Zhao and Ge 2013). Final users will periodically avoid the network's safety measures. It is very strenuous to block each possible Web-based e-mail site, and some are leap to be avoided. Umbrella coverage was launched by applying an E-mail Usage Policy. It clearly delineate what behaviors comprising adequate utilization of organization supplied computers, networks, systems and e-mail accounts, and by declaring the punishments that result from violating the policies, the company can eliminate prevailing risks (Kiesler 2014). Email usage policy has been applied in various companies in various ways and with change in time companies are amending and accepting these policies differently. A study by Mark, Voida and Cardello (2012), stated that giving people continuous time where they are not associating with e-mail mostly keep them without stress and better focused. It further states that without e-mails, employees are less involved in multitasking and thus, found having prolonged focus in tasks as calculated by the lower frequency of switching between windows and an extended duration of the time spent performing in each window of the computer. Moreover, stress is directly calculated operating wearable heart rate detectors and established that stress level was much lower without e-mails. Recently in French trade union, they have arranged an agreement for few employees in their company that permits their employees to switch off their cell phones and computers after 6 oclock in the afternoon and not about to bother about checking in. Bit of their policy is that the organization cannot pressurize or make their workforce feel unpleasant about not exploring and replying to the mails. However, with this approach the pressure to handle e-mails after the working hours is minimized (Morgan 2015). Volkswagen group of automobile manufacturers made a deal with the organizations work council to restrict workers access to e-mails on the Blackberry gadget after their working hours. Under this deal, the servers cease routing emails just 30 minutes after the employees shift has ended and again starting just 30 minutes before their reappearance in work. The employees are permitted to make calls from their gadget and this rule however is not applicable to the senior managers (Niehaves, Kffer and Ortbach 2012). Intel semiconductor manufacturing company tried to experiment with 300 engineers and managers where they had to went offline each morning of Tuesdays. During Tuesday mornings, they had to put their emails and IM clients to offline mode, redirecting their phones to the voice mails, circumvent fixing up meetings, and detaching themselves from the visitors by placing a sign of do not disturb at the doorway. This experiment was a success as it helped developing effectiveness of the staffs and productivity and excellence of life for many employees in various job roles (Tong 2017). Daimler automobile company took up this policy as in there will be no delivering of E-mails during the vacations of the employees. This company has executed a new agenda that permits the employees to set their e-mails software to automatically remove the incoming emails while their employees are in Vacations. However, when an email arrives the program named Mail on Holiday on its own reply back to the sender tha t the employee is away from the office and so this email will get erased moreover also suggesting an information to contact another employee for urgent issues (Grey 2015). Another software company in Ann Arbor, Michigan named Menlo Innovations has discarded internal emails in approval of high speed voice activated technology. Here if any information is needed from any of the colleagues then that information should be collected by physically talking to that person. Other companies use similar techniques though but still employees can obtain emails from outside sources like those of clients and traders but there is no ways of mailing to the colleagues. This actually showed the way in which other techniques can be used to replace emails in several cases (Shaer 2013). Ferrari car manufacturing company has took the initiative where they can enhance direct communication within their company and so they are encouraging more face to face conversations and lesser emails. Their technique is that they can at one time send a single email to three people within an organization. The imprudent posting of emails with abundance of recipients regularly on themes with no applicability to majority of the latter is one of the chief reasons of loss of time and incompetency in the normal working day in employment. However, Ferrari has determined to end the problem from its roots by supplying a very understandable and simple order to its workers and that is talk to each other more and write less (Alidadi 2012). E-mail draws up23 percent of the usual employees working day, and that usual employeeconveys or accepts 112 emails each day. Taking a view over these statistics, one begins to understand email as a current structure of knowledge pollution. In fact, that precise closure is one that Thierry Breton who is CEO of the France-based Information technology facility firm originated in Atos appeared at some years back. Breton observed that his workers appeared continuously inattentive by the flow of emails they received per day. Therefore, he took measures to abolish what he thought were pessimistic effects on organizations productivity. In February 2011, Breton declared that he was forbidding email. Within three years of time, he desired Atos to be an organization with zero-email (Silic, Back and Silic 2015). Prohibiting or placing restrictions on e-mail, a research proposes that it can histrionically increase employees work rate and decrease stress (Wang et al. 2016).Investigators from the University of California, Irvine and the United States Army cut out email utilityfor thirteen civilian workplace workers and restrained the consequences on production and stress. The investigators first took contestant across a three-day baseline interval in which they are interviewed and scrutinized in visual as well as with computer observing software. They even studied the contestants heart rates as a representative for the levels of stress. However, they dragged the plug on e-mail, fixing a strainer on the contestants email program that would report all incoming messages for future reading and erase all notifications (Okoye 2016). Methodology The secondary data, which means collecting the data on behalf of the original user, has been researched from the Journal articles and peer reviewed articles and E-books (Silverman 2016). For this very research report, the search engine has been used such as Google scholar and online library for passed data collection. Descriptive analysis has been done for this particular report. Here descriptive analysis means short illustrative coefficients that outline the set of data that can be a sample from the entire population or the population as a whole. Resources of the books are also got from the Google Scholar, which were reviewed as well. Key recommendation From this report, it can be recommended that email usage policy assists prevent wasting of time, save security of the data and lessens the chances of legal issues. However, the policy must wrap all the e-mail observing the employees works that they want to carry out. The employees must keep in mind and be conscious that the email systems that they are using from their companys system must be used for business purposes only. Employees must be encouraged to apply filters so that they can separate the business and personal mails separately. Employees personal use of the companies e-mail should be restricted. Restrictions should be on repetitive sending of personal mails, illegitimate content in the mail like sending insulting jokes, involving in illegitimate activities and most importantly apart from the employees other peoples are restricted from using their official e-mail accounts. Company should aspire with at what time the employee should and should not utilize their e-mails. Employees must be clearly guided on what devices they can opt to use their companies email account to inbox or outbox emails. Employees should be given a briefing on what formal style and tone they must make the content while sending formal emails from their company e-mail account. This will however help them realize the difference between informality in a telephonic conversation and a formal letter, which solely depends on the clients the employees are contacting. Basic content formal must be clear for example, typing in capitals might sound rude in a formal letter, when starting a communication with a person for the first time a formal style is e-mail is important and too short e-mail might look blunt so these must be avoided. Employees should be motivated to use e-mails when they wish to keep the documentation of the conversations. Lastly, the companies must provide rules for handling private information. The potential contractual importance of e-mails must be explained to them th oroughly. There must be a policy that both inbox and outbox messages in the companys email account should be stored. Employees should be aware that for what reason emails are monitored by using software by the company and the most important part is that each employees privacy should be respected. Employees must also ask for recommendations that what changes can be brought to the existing e-mail policies and every policy must be equally available to all. Conclusion To conclude this report it can be said that e-mail usage policies are the recommendations and guidelines that are abided by the employees of the organizations who wish to keep their official information to themselves. This type of a policy is accepted as to enhance the moralities of the companys aims and objectives and through this employees gets a clear conception that e-mails are for formal purposes only and they not use it in any illegal affair for which the company may face the consequences latter on. However, the security policy of the company actually notifies in written what the companies measures are to keep the informational and physical assets of the company. Moreover, many companies have taken over various policies for emails, which in a way may be beneficial as well as stressful after their working hours and so few top most companies have inscribed some amazing policies related to e-mails. Organizations such as French trade union, Volkswagen, Intel, Daimler, Menlo innovations and Ferrari as well have taken up certain policies regarding email that help them evolve. However, the main purpose of this e-mail policy is to assure the employees about the actual utility of the e-mail formation and the users educated with what is deemed as satisfactory and disappointing utilization of the email formation. References Alidadi, K., 2012. From Front-Office to Back-Office: Religious Dress Crossing the PublicPrivate Divide in the Workplace. Religion in Public Spaces.A European Perspective, pp.159-189. Bayuk, J.L., Healey, J., Rohmeyer, P., Sachs, M.H., Schmidt, J. and Weiss, J., 2012. Cyber security policy guidebook.John Wiley Sons. Grey, J., 2015. The healthy mind platter: HR's role.People and Strategy, 38(1), p.18. Kiesler, S., 2014.Culture of the Internet.Psychology Press. Mark, G., Voida, S. and Cardello, A., 2012, May. A pace not dictated by electrons: an empirical study of work without email. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 555-564).ACM. Morgan, J., 2015. Book HighlightTen Principles of the Future Manager. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 34(3), pp.79-93. Niehaves, B., Kffer, S. and Ortbach, K., 2012. IT consumerizationa theory and practice review. Okoye, H.I., 2016.Time Management Techniques Required by Managers and Supervisors in Medium and Large-Sized Business Organizations in Enugu Metropolis(Doctoral dissertation). Schmidt, E. and Cohen, J., 2013. The new digital age. Shaer, M., 2013. The boss stops here. New York Magazine. Silic, M., Back, A. and Silic, D., 2015, May. Atos-Towards Zero Email Company. InECIS. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Tong, P.Y., 2017. Think Twice BeforeHitting'Send': The Strategic Uses of Information in Marketing Channels (Doctoral dissertation, West Virginia University). Wang, B., Ester, M., Bu, J., Zhu, Y., Guan, Z. and Cai, D., 2016, April. Which to view: Personalized prioritization for broadcast emails. InProceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web(pp. 1181-1190). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee. Zhao, K. and Ge, L., 2013, December.A survey on the internet of things security. In Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS), 2013 9th International Conference on (pp. 663-667). IEEE. Zickuhr, K. and Madden, M., 2012. Older adults and internet use.Pew Internet American Life Project, 6.

Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors on Women’s Mental Health Essay Example

Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors on Women’s Mental Health Essay Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors on Women’s Mental Health Social values are those, which big group/community holds. These qualities can alter over the long draw and as society progresses. On the other manus, cultural values are handed down from past era. In malice of the fact that adult females exist longer, they are most surely non basically populating better or healthier lives ( Douki et al. , 2007 ) . Today, the position and good being of a big figure of adult females around the universe remain unluckily low. Harmonizing to one study of the WHO, adult females s well-being is inseparably interfaced to their position in the public oculus. Bing a girl, sister, married woman, female parent, and more of it a adult female as an single possesses great duties on one’s shoulder. Responsibility comes with function outlook that society expects from a adult female to play, which influences psychological science to its best. In add-on to it, many cultural patterns might lend to women’s mental wellness, particularly in those countries wh ere adult females are stigmatized. As a situational theoretical account stress psychological hurt linked to interpersonal and societal state of affairss ( Karasz, 2005 ) . The intent of taking this subject is that, today in the twenty-first century where the homo is seeking life on other planets, females in our ain Earth missing their basic rights, adult females are still in the dark epoch. In most of civilizations and communities, adult females are victims of force and the authority of male over female which is tempted by their societies and cultural norms ( WHO 2012 ) . The physical effects of cultural impacts are largely related to mental upsets. The content of this composing will offer attending to the persons about the constituents which had become everyday as a portion of cultural and societal criterions and their annihilating effects on a adult female s psychological science. Furthermore, this paper will foreground important issues which cause hapless mental well-being of adu lt females and which becomes a ground behind community deformation and load on the wellness attention system. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors on Women’s Mental Health specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors on Women’s Mental Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors on Women’s Mental Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cruelty against adult females is unbounded ( beyond the age, sex, race, location ) and accordingly they encounter mental and psychological maltreatment in the continuation of their life rhythm, amid babyhood, childhood until older age. Harmonizing to United Nations survey, in Pakistan the per centum of married adult females who are physically battered is 50 % and 90 % are emotionally and verbally abused ( Nasrullah et al. , 2009 ) The most widely recognized grounds for adult females buffeting integrated involvement along with letdown with the dowery, traveling out of place without stating the spouse, impotence, declining to hold intercourse with him, women’s demands for separation, non caring for the in-laws, and improper duty of expected gender functions etc. Taking into history the impact of each causative factor on adult females psychological science are following: Multiple Roles Expectation and its impact on Psychology: First, adult female has to execute multiple functions in society as a female parent, sister, married woman and other blood dealingss. Indulgence and acquiring overloaded with all these relational responsibilities, she finally gets stressed and down. Harmonizing to the function strain theory, affecting oneself in assorted societal parts could be a cause of anxiousness because of deficiency of clip and energy, and may hold basically unfavourable mental and subjective well-being decisions ( Plaisier et al. , 2008 ) . A survey on emphasis in NWFP Pakistan reported a prevalence of anxiousness and depression about 46 % in adult females compared to 15 % in work forces. ( Niaz, 2004 ) . In add-on to it, anticipating to play specifically assigned functions besides contributes to violence that finally leads to mental wellness jobs. In a manner that males are expected to act like masculine describe by bravery and courage, and females are expected to move like feminine characterized by timidness , weak and submissive ( Ali A ; Gavino, 2008 ) . As a consequence stigmatisation of females took topographic point if she doesn’t tantrum into the social frame of feminism. Harmonizing to the kineticss of force against adult females stated in literature, it seems that constituents like doctrine about patriarchate, society, faith, media, civilization, single qualities come together to lend into force against adult females ( Niaz, 2004 ) Intimate Relations and its impact on Psychology: Second, badgering as a constituent of mental force is a normal phenomenon that happens when the partner is teased for conveying deficient dowery which is non harmonizing to the demands of in-laws. One of the major factors of domestic force against adult females in rural countries of Pakistan is greed for dowery ( Ali et al. , 2013 ) . Harmonizing to a research 100s of adult females die because of range Burnss and the identified motivation behind this is to acquire rid of the adult females and remarry with more doweries from another household ( Niaz, 2004 ) . Third, challenges in confidant relationships which causes physical every bit good as psychological hurt. Many surveies show that sexual force against female by an confidant spouse often, has serious and reliable mental wellness results for adult females ( Kumar et al. , 2013 ) . Fliting mental wellbeing impacts of matrimonial assault incorporate edginess, stun, serious apprehensiveness, misery, suicidal ideation, eating upset and post-traumatic anxiousness issue ( WHO, 2012 ) . A research consequence showed high prevalence of life-time sexual force: 37 % in urban and 50 % in rural countries ( Naved, 2013 ) . The likely effect of sexual assault and its after effects can be seen in the undermentioned instance: â€Å"A 22 twelvemonth old female patient came with around five month history of garrulity, crossness and wakefulness. About one and half old ages back, in her small town, she was sexually assaulted by two individuals while she was returning to her place. After making her place, she faced frequent unfavorable judgment by her household members and at times she was beaten by them excessively. No constabulary instance was filed in this affair, due to dishonor and sing the hereafter jobs in matrimony. Due to this, she started experiencing low, retreating herself from making any work. Subsequently, she was sent to one of her relation for work, where she was working as a full-time family assistant. There once more, she was sexually assaulted and had to confront perennial chiding. Gradually, there was a alteration in her behaviour and her male parent brought her to the infirmary with the aforesaid complaints† ( Kumar et al. , 2013 ) . Womans Status and its impact on Psychology: Furthermore, the cardinal position, that adult females are low-level to work forces and that the award of the household depends upon the workss of adult females in matching household ( Ali A ; Gavino, 2008 ) . To safeguard this award, society confines women’s behavior, curtailing to one topographic point and contact with the opposite gender. In short, high rates of mental wellbeing issues may be because of household relational differences, pecuniary lessening and high rates of unemployment ( Lago, 2011 ) . However, if some manages to work, on the other manner their work expose them to conjugal clangs and torment in the work environment. Harmonizing to a survey conducted in Pakistan 86.5 % of the studied nurses reported harassment experience, most of them were private infirmary nurse ( Malik A ; Farooqi. 2014 ) .Subsequently, work for most females is more wellhead of weariness and anxiousness alternatively of a alteration toward oneself. Large parts of them will make depressi ve spreads finally may give up working and might stop into station traumatic emphasis upset. â€Å"Feminist theory positions societal phenomena as determined by the patriarchal construction of most societies. Harmonizing to this theory adult female maltreatment is one of the results of a construction that allows harlotry and other limitations to maintain adult females in servile positions† ( Ali A ; Gavino, 2008 ) . The survey of hard-pressed adult females in Pakistan, revealed most adult females had arranged matrimonies and besides had a bachelor’s grade with 2 to 3 childs, the bulk worked outside place, learning or running a little concern. Their symptoms were concerns, choking feelings, palpitations, droping bosom, asleep pess, and hearing failing ( Niaz, 2004 ) Cultural Norms and its impact on Psychology: Despite this, over the recent old ages, an expanded rate of Karo-Kari ( honor violent deaths ) in Baluchistan has farther smudged Pakistan as now negative adult females rights record ( Khoso et al. , 2011 ) . Established in patriarchal and societal feeling of female as male belongings, Karo-Kari seemingly happens to revenge for household regard when a lady abuses tribal or societal criterions. Predictably, the pattern marks single, who is neer given a opportunity to protect themselves against the claims which contributes to non merely physical force but besides terrible mental upsets ( Mayell, 2002 ) . Harmonizing to a research, 86 violent deaths as Karo-Kari instances were reported, out of which 53 of the victims were adult females in Larkana, Sindh ( Ali A ; Gavino 2008 ) . Another pattern which might butcher a woman’s societal desire in the name of social norms is the pattern of Watta Satta ( exchange matrimony ) , in which a sibling and sister is hitched to an alternate brace of family. In these exchange relational brotherhoods, if there was no lucifer accessible at that clip, a pregnant lady in the household promises to supply her babe when it is conceived. This might stop into depressive upset for a female parent due to external pressurization. â€Å"Research has demonstrated that kids of down female parents are at higher hazard for school failure and depressive disorders† ( Douki et al, 2013 ) . Those relational brotherhoods include abuse of two ladies whose matrimonial satisfaction relies upon performing artists outside their matrimony. Divorce and its impact on Psychology Womans with unsated and rough relationship in such preservationist society and civilization choose for separation which is non acceptable in Islamic point of position. Such behavior makes exceptionally troublesome for a adult female to stop a ferocious relationship. Womans tend to believe that they are perpetrating incorrect workss by fade outing even an opprobrious matrimony which might do emphasis, depression, low ego regard, anxiousness, aggression, temper A ; personality upset and many more. Harmonizing to Bandura, societal fortunes plays most of import function in finding the frequence and factors related to aggressive behaviour ( Ali A ; Gavino 2008 ) . Largely, the adult females are left out entirely, stigmatized and supercharge from her ain household members. Due to such rough worlds, a adult female continuously becomes a victim of internal and external emphasis. Harmonizing to the nested ecological model, through interaction between one another and their societal environme nt behaviours are shaped. In Pakistan divorce continues to be an apprehensiveness of societal shame that prevents adult females from making out for aid. The per centum of abused adult females who didn’t declared to be abused is 70 % ( Niaz, 2004 ) . Recommendations: In my sentiment, avoiding the factors such as force effects on mental wellness leads non merely to misdiagnose of implicit in upset but besides contributes to personal and social deformation. It can be assumed that there is a demand of partnership between the community and wellness attention supplier for advancing mental wellness, giving consciousness about the cultural beliefs that becomes a ground for adult female mental wellness effect. Following schemes should be initiated on a broad scope with sufficient resources and expertness, both at governmental and non-governmental degree with community engagement. There could be schemes like healing and preventative for a adult female enduring from force. Curative plan may include support to the enduring adult female by giving guidance and do her regain lost self- regard, rehabilitative services, and shelter place. Interdisciplinary attack with resources may be used as a preventative step, these include preparation for mental wellness att ention suppliers, practicians, and societal workers and help them in acknowledging beat-up adult females. To reason, there are a figure of socio-cultural variables which play a important portion in impacting adult females s psychological science, including ferociousness against adult females, dowry related issues, award execution, impotence, the consequence of multiple functions and gender function outlook, and powderizing impacts of separation. All above mentioned factors leads to psychological upsets such as depression, unipolar depression, bipolar upset, postpartum depression, eating upset, personality, temper upset, and other psychological upsets. Gender-related differences might ensue in depressive upset and low self-pride. At present in many states including Pakistan, adult females because of their gender deficiency self-worth, physical, emotional, and sexual security which is the key to good mental wellness, which finally leads to violence against adult females. Although, reform in the mental wellness puting entirely can non decide the jobs, it would necessitate coaction towards a lteration in attitudes, societal response and beliefs among people. Mentions Ali, P. A. , A ; Gavino, M. I. B. ( 2008 ) . Violence against adult females in Pakistan: a model for Analysis.Journal of Pakistan Medical Association ( JPMA ). Ali, T.S. , Arnadottir, G. , A ; Kulane, A. ( 2013 ) . Dowry patterns and their negative effects from a female position in Karachi, Pakistan. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.57A4012 Douki, S. , Zineb, S.B. , Nacef, F. , A ; Halbreich, U. ( 2007 ) . Women s mental wellness in the Muslim universe: Cultural, spiritual, and societal issues.Journal of Affective Disorders,102, 177–189. Karasz, A. ( 2004 ) . Cultural differences in conceptual theoretical accounts of depression.Social Science A ; Medicine,60, 1625–1635. Khoso, I. , Shafiq, K. , Abdi, A.R. , A ; Shaikih, F.M. ( 2011 ) . Problems and Challenges Faced by the Rural Womans: A Case Study of Balochistan.Asian Culture and History,3 ( 1 ) . Retrieved from www.ccsenet.org/ach Kumar, A. , Nizamie, S.H. , A ; Srivastava, N.K. ( 2013 ) . Violence against adult females and mental health.Mental Health A ; Prevention,1, 4-10. Lago, C. ( 2011 ) .The enchiridion of transcultural guidance and psychotherapeutics. McGraw-Hill International. Malik, S. , A ; Farooqi, Y.N. ( 2014 ) . General and Sexual Harassment as Forecasters of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Female Health Professionals.World Journal of Medical Sciences,10 ( 1 ) , 43-49. doi:10.5829/idosi.wjms.2014.10.1.81128 Mayell, H. ( 2002 ) . Thousands of Women Killed for Family Honor . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //news.nationalgeographic.com/news/pf/15061734.html Nasrullah, M. , Haqqi, S. , A ; Cummings, K.J. ( 2009 ) . The epidemiological forms of honour violent death of adult females in Pakistan.The European Journal of Public Health, 1-5. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp021 Niaz, U. ( 2004 ) . Women’s mental wellness in Pakistan.World Psychiatry,3 ( 1 ) , 60–62. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414670/ Plaisier, I. , F.Beekman, A.T. , M.Bruijn, J.G. , Graaf, R.D. , Have, M.T. , Smit, J.H. , Dyck, R.V. , Penninx, B.W.J.H. , ( 2008 ) . The consequence of societal functions on mental wellness: A affair of measure or quality?Journal of Affective Disorders,111, 261–270 Understanding and turn toing force against adult females. ( 2012 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/en/index.html

9 Words with More Than One Spelling in British English

9 Words with More Than One Spelling in British English 9 Words with More Than One Spelling in British English The United States was founded to escape the tyranny of the King of England. It is appropriate, then, that American English has also escaped the tyranny of British English. In particular, we should be grateful that most words only have one spelling in American English. In British English, by comparison, many words have more than one spelling depending on how they’re used. And this makes it easy to make mistakes! So to make sure your writing is always error free, check out this list of nine words with more than one spelling in British English. 1. Practice vs. Practise In American English, â€Å"practice† is both a noun and a verb. For example: Noun (US): The doctor is at her practice. Verb (US): The doctor is practicing medicine. But this term has more than one spelling in British English, where the verb form is â€Å"practise†: Noun (UK):  The doctor is at her practice. Adjective (UK): The doctor is practising medicine. So if you’re writing for a British audience, make sure to use an â€Å"s† in this word when it’s a verb and a second â€Å"c† only when it is a noun. 2. Curb vs. Kerb The word â€Å"curb† has two meanings in American English. One is â€Å"restrain something.†Ã‚   This sense of â€Å"curb† is the same in British English: American English: We need to curb food waste. British English: We need to curb food waste. But we also use â€Å"curb† to refer to the raised edge of a sidewalk. And in British English, this word is spelled â€Å"kerb† instead. So make sure to use â€Å"kerb† with a â€Å"k† if you are writing for Brits: American English: I tripped on the curb while crossing the road. British English: I tripped on the kerb while crossing the road. 3. Dependent vs. Dependant In American English, â€Å"dependent† is both a noun and an adjective. The noun form of this word means â€Å"a person that depends on someone else† (e.g., children). As an adjective, â€Å"dependent† has a more general meaning of â€Å"reliant on† and applies to more than just people. For example: Noun (US): He is a single man with no dependents. Adjective (US): Their performance is dependent on their star player. But in British English, the noun form of this word is spelled â€Å"dependant†: Noun (UK): He is a single man with no dependants. Adjective (UK): Their performance is dependent on their star player. 4. License vs. Licence â€Å"License† is both a noun (i.e., a permit) and a verb (i.e., the act of licensing something) in American English. As such, we always know to spell this word with an â€Å"s† regardless of the context: Noun (US): Do you have a valid driver’s license? Verb (US): We are licensed to operate in this state. However, as with â€Å"practice† and â€Å"practise,† British English uses a different spelling in each case: Noun (UK): Do you have a valid driver’s licence? Verb (UK): We are licensed to operate in this state. It is worth noting here that the Brits use a â€Å"c† spelling for the noun with both â€Å"practice† and â€Å"licence.† And likewise, the verb forms are both spelled with an â€Å"s† in British English. This makes it easier to remember the correct spellings of these words when writing for a British audience. 5. Draft vs. Draught In British English, the words â€Å"draught† and â€Å"draft† sound exactly the same. However, each term has its own uses. The word â€Å"draught† for example, can mean any of the following: A current of cool air (e.g., Can you feel a draught in here?) An animal that pulls a heavy load (e.g., Horses are draught animals) Beer or cider served from a barrel or tank (e.g., A pint of draught ale) The word â€Å"draft,† meanwhile, primarily refers to: A rough version of something (e.g., A draft copy of my novel) An order to pay money (e.g., A banker’s draft) Military conscription (e.g., To be drafted into the army) But we use â€Å"draft† for all six senses in American English, which is easier to remember! And to add to the confusion, Brits also call the boardgame checkers â€Å"draughts.† 6. Tire vs. Tyre All English speakers use â€Å"tire† as a verb meaning â€Å"grow weary.† For example: I tire of British spellings very quickly. But while we also use â€Å"tire† to mean â€Å"rubber wheel covering,† British people spell this word â€Å"tyre.† For instance: American English: I keep a spare tire in my car at all times. British English: I keep a spare tyre in my car at all times. Look out for this spelling when using the term in British English. 7. Meter vs. Metre One common difference between British and American English is the use of â€Å"-er† and â€Å"-re† word endings. The â€Å"-er† ending is standard in American English (e.g., center or theater), while British English tends to use the older â€Å"-re† version (e.g., centre or theatre). We also see this with metric measurements, including words like â€Å"meter† and â€Å"centimeter,† which are spelled with the â€Å"-re† ending in British English: American English: A meter is roughly 1.094 yards. British English: A metre is roughly 1.094 yards. The same applies when discussing the concept from music or poetry: American English: The poem changes its meter half way through. British English: The poem changes its metre half way through. But it does not apply when discussing a device for measuring something (e.g., a thermometer or barometer). In this case, British English uses the same spelling of â€Å"meter† as American English. 8. Program vs. Programme In American English, the spelling â€Å"program† is used for the following: Software for a computer (e.g., A new spellchecking program for PC) A series of events or activities (e.g., A training program) A television or radio broadcast (e.g., A TV program) The information given out at a performance (e.g., A program for a play) But British English only uses â€Å"program† for the first definition above. In all non-computing contexts, the British spelling is â€Å"programme† instead. 9. Check vs. Cheque Finally, in American and British English, â€Å"check† is common a verb. Usually, it means â€Å"examine,† such as in the following: I checked the timetable and we need to leave. This term has other meanings, too, and in almost every case it is spelled â€Å"check.† But there is one exception. While we use â€Å"check† as a noun to mean â€Å"an order to pay an amount of money from a bank account,† the British spell this version of the word â€Å"cheque†: American English: Do you accept payment by check? British English: Do you accept payment by cheque? Luckily, though, the spelling of â€Å"credit card† is the same in all forms of English.

Ecosystem Succession Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ecosystem Succession Paper - Essay Example These areas are places that have been damaged by destructive events, such as fires, and have been cleared of existing vegetation, such as trees. 1b. Biotic components are the living things that form the environment, such as predators, while abiotic components are the non-living things in an organism’s environment, such as temperature and light. These components can change the equilibrium of the ecosystem in the sense that the ecosystem can only function as a whole, and not in parts (â€Å"Biotic†). The biotic components of an environment, whether they be prey or predator, factors into what organisms are currently dwelling in that area and which one is the dominating species. If a certain species were to become endangered or extinct, the ecosystem would be thrown off-balance as it would now be missing both a predator and a prey. Furthermore, if the abiotic factors change, damage can also be done to the ecosystem. If the temperature in a hot, dry area suddenly changes to cold and wet, the organisms that have grown accustomed to the hot climate will not be able to strive with the changes, as they were not created to tolerate it. These factors will greatly, and negatively, affect the biotic factors, throwing off the entire ecosystem. If the ecosystem is not balanced, it cannot survive. 2b. The natural cycle of progression in an ecosystem involves the need for things to grow and then die so that new life can feed off the old life (BioScience). The old organisms need to give way to allow new organisms – whether they are of the same species or not – to grow and to strive. Just as with any aspect of any life, life comes from death; it strives off of what was previously there and makes a new environment for itself. If a new organism appears, it can offer new environmental components to its surroundings. 3b. Some of the mechanisms that can help an ecosystem’s recovery from a

Liberal Arts Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Liberal Arts Studies - Essay Example It is reasonable to see corporations and communities as benefiting from the struggle and competition that Darwin saw in the animal world and applied to humans as well. With a new job opening, for example, candidates will be determined as qualified or unqualified. The qualified applicants will get the interview for the chance to prove that they are up to the task and capable of doing what is required. Ideally, the best (or strongest) candidate based on the job description will be hired for the job. However, in the business world this is not always the case. Often the person hiring for the job will hire someone based on their personality or if they know them personally. So the most qualified or strongest applicant often does not get the job. However, ideally, a smart business person would hire the strongest and best qualified candidate. In modern society, certain jobs have been reduced or even eliminated. With the growth of technology, many professions were reduced in number while new professions were created. There are numerous examples of people who are professionals making a lot of money who are laid off and find themselves out of work and unable to get another job.